What is a Calcaneus Fracture?

A calcaneus fracture refers to a break in the heel bone, which is located at the back of the foot. This type of fracture often occurs due to high-energy injuries and can significantly impact a person’s ability to walk and bear weight.

Causes of Calcaneus Fractures

Common causes of calcaneus fractures include:

• • Falls from height: Landing on the feet from a significant height, such as falling off a ladder or building, is a primary cause.

• • Motor vehicle accidents: High-impact collisions can result in severe heel bone fractures.

• • Sports injuries: Activities that involve intense pressure on the heel, like basketball or gymnastics, can lead to fractures.

• • Stress fractures: Repeated stress or overuse can cause small cracks in the calcaneus over time.

Symptoms of a Calcaneus Fracture

Signs of a calcaneus fracture may include:

• • Severe pain and swelling in the heel

• • Bruising and tenderness at the back of the foot

• • Inability to bear weight or walk

• • Deformity or widening of the heel

• • Limited range of motion in the ankle

Diagnosing a Calcaneus Fracture

A healthcare provider can diagnose a calcaneus fracture through:

1. 1. Physical examination: Checking for swelling, deformity, and tenderness in the heel.

1. 1. Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to assess the location and severity of the fracture.

Treatment Options for Calcaneus Fractures

Treatment depends on the severity of the fracture and may include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• • Immobilization: Using a cast or splint to keep the foot stable and allow the bone to heal.

• • Non-weight bearing: Patients may need to use crutches to avoid putting pressure on the heel for several weeks.

• • Pain management: Over-the-counter or prescribed pain relievers to reduce discomfort.

Non-surgical treatments are generally recommended for minor, non-displaced fractures.

Surgical Treatments

Surgery is often necessary for complex or displaced fractures. Common surgical procedures include:

• • Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF): Realigning the bone fragments and securing them with plates and screws.

• • External fixation: Using an external device to stabilize the bone when internal fixation is not feasible.

Recovery After a Calcaneus Fracture

Recovery times vary but generally include:

• • Initial healing: Swelling and pain may persist for several weeks. Elevation and ice therapy can help manage symptoms.

• • Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is essential for restoring strength, flexibility, and mobility in the foot and ankle.

• • Gradual weight-bearing: Patients transition to bearing weight on the affected foot under medical supervision.

• • Full recovery: Most patients resume normal activities within 3-6 months, though complex fractures may require a year or more to heal fully.

Potential Complications

Calcaneus fractures can lead to complications, including:

• • Post-traumatic arthritis: Damage to the joint surfaces may result in chronic pain and stiffness.

• • Delayed healing or nonunion: Incomplete bone healing can prolong recovery.

• • Nerve or blood vessel injury: Rare but possible during severe trauma or surgery.

Preventing Calcaneus Fractures

To reduce the risk of a calcaneus fracture:

• • Use proper safety equipment when working at heights or engaging in high-impact sports.

• • Wear supportive footwear to minimize stress on the feet.

• • Practice proper landing techniques in activities involving jumps or falls.

• • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the bones.

Conclusion

A calcaneus fracture is a serious injury that requires prompt medical attention and a comprehensive treatment plan. Whether treated conservatively or surgically, proper care and rehabilitation are crucial for ensuring optimal recovery. If you suspect a calcaneus fracture, consult a healthcare professional immediately to begin the appropriate treatment.

For more information on foot and ankle health, explore our blog or schedule a consultation with one of our specialists today.